Hope this advice is not too late - I'm new to making comments on Seabreeze but thought I might be able to help.

For reinforcing fins like that on an epoxy board, you could use polyester resin. As long as the resin is not touching any EPS foam, you'll be OK. Poly resin is way cheaper. I have built a few boards and in the "old days" we would glass in fins. These days I just use fin boxes - way easier - but that's when making a new board so not relevant here anyway.
I wouldn't used chopped glass mat like you have, its too bulky. You should have used some glass cloth, both 4 and 6 oz in a few layers to get a smoother finish with less sanding. What you have done will be quite strong, but unless you sand a real lot off, like 95% of it, your fins will be too thick at the base and create too much drag.
And finally the question about a slot in the glass to seat the fins in - no they just sit on top of the glass.