The goop could be SIKAFLEX which sticks like the proverbial to the blanket, if it is fresh. The company is notorious for not accepting back product that has exceeded it's shelf life from their retailers so be wary of the use by date.
It comes in white or black.
If one window has come unstuck, the rest are probably about to.
Were I you which I am not but if I was, I would pull the lot off and fit new perspex or lexan (up to your budget) with silicon as a sealant and the windows attached by mechanical means such as 3/16" or 4mm bolts.
The silicon I would use is plumber's roofing sealant. If it can handle the sun on the roofs of Australian houses for 10 or 20 years or more, I am sure it will handle at least 5 years on your boat.
You can buy it anywhere for $5 to $8 a cartridge. Sikaflex or it's Australian made equivalent will cost you $20+ per cartridge and what you don't use will not keep.
It is the same old story mate. Put the word "Marine" in front of the product name or type and you will be ripped off usually. Hope this helps, Cheers Cisco.