The entire Adelaide metro coast is great for sailing, but we don't have close access or great rigging areas everywhere. You'll be fine at West Beach though.
Any SW 15-25 knots is perfect, SSW and NW probably ok too. Westerly is directly onshore so generally gusty and quite sloppy at metro beaches.
Launch on northern side of the small break wall (where the dingies normally launch from).
Hazards: all the other sailing craft

and that boat ramp gets very busy during mild days when all the fishos get out (mornings going out, lunchtime/early arvo coming back), late afternoon during strong seabreezes should be fairly quiet (it normally starts at approx 1pm and builds all arvo but we're in Autumn now and its not as reliable). Other things to look out for: channel markers. Dredge pipeline (if its there).
Also - it can get very, very weedy around the breakwater northern side - especially during/after a big blow.
For wind readings - use Adelaide Airport, but from where you're staying, you'll be able to simply walk to the beach and judge conditions directly.
Hope you get some good wind while you're here.