Lifecycle impact analysis of a surfboard

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loco4olas
loco4olas
NSW
1525 posts
NSW, 1525 posts
23 Jun 2009 11:57am
Picked this up on StandupZone:


"Surfboard cradle to grave report
Very cool lifecycle impact analysis of a surfboard conducted by a UC Berkeley grad student. This is the first one of its kind.

http://best.berkeley.edu/~schultz/projects_scg.html

A quick summary is that a 6'0 shortboard that weighs 5 lbs emits about 500 lbs of CO2 over its full product lifecycle. Also, I was quite surprised to read that the repair of a surfboard over its lifetime of use is the single largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions."

Worth a read

Matt
Marvin
Marvin
WA
725 posts
WA, 725 posts
26 Jun 2009 11:34pm
In our household we subscribe to Greenfleet** to offset the carbon footprint of our cars - see www.greenfleet.com.au/

Using the Greenfleet calculator, one board's lifetime CO2 emissions could be offset by one tree at a cost of $3 through Greenfleet (gives new meaning to the term 'log'). Interestingly, this is very much cheaper than the $US 8.16 CO2 cost quoted in the article. Planting trees also has co-benefits in terms of salinity and biodiversity.

** "Greenfleet is an Approved Abatement Provider under the Australian Government's Greenhouse Friendly? initiative. This means the methodology behind our offset program has undergone independent scrutiny and meets appropriate standards.

Greenfleet offsets greenhouse gas emissions by planting forests that soak up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Our forests are made up of a wide variety of Australian native trees that also help to reduce soil erosion and salinity, improve water quality and provide habitat for native animals."
GalahOnTheBay
GalahOnTheBay
NSW
4188 posts
NSW, 4188 posts
28 Jun 2009 12:12am
Kind of off topic: When people realise that carbon trading is just another tax on the consumer (nothing more and nothing less) the world will be a better place...
Bnaccas
Bnaccas
VIC
1722 posts
VIC, 1722 posts
28 Jun 2009 12:35am
Agreed. I believe in the whole foot print thing but carbon trading....
Brooko
Brooko
1672 posts
1672 posts
28 Jun 2009 9:21am
GalahOnTheBay said...

Kind of off topic: When people realise that carbon trading is just another tax on the consumer (nothing more and nothing less) the world will be a better place...


I agree Wait untill you get the tele marketers from India trying to sell you carbon credits like I got on Friday wtf ??
Starlet gc
Starlet gc
NSW
374 posts
NSW, 374 posts
29 Jun 2009 9:04pm
wow..... Loving the LCA into surfing! I work in the field of environmental management (esp with the LCA/ EMS and now carbon trading) and never even thought of the LCA of my own boards! great to see a real eye opener!

the whole carbon trading needs to be worked out / sorted.. but thats a rank im not about to get into!! :)
Diver
Diver
WA
554 posts
WA, 554 posts
30 Jun 2009 11:36am
Agree with the carbon trading being a tax on the consumer. It will be interesting to see where the revenue from the tax ends up - funding for assets to offset carbon emmissions or revenue streams for companies to privatise and distribute as they wish.

Seems to be a way to extract some form of value from an asset that currently doesn't exist, creating a market bubble that will eventually burst. Wonder when that happened recently????

Call me cynical...

I certainly agree with the reduction in the carbon footprint of each person, act local think global.
Gorgo
Gorgo
VIC
5127 posts
VIC, 5127 posts
30 Jun 2009 4:32pm
Carbon trading is meant to factor the cost of carbon into products which in turn is meant to make low carbon products more attractive to the consumer. That's the theory anyway and the good old capitalist way.

I would be happier if there were more positive incentives that result in genuine carbon reductions. Dicking around with solar panels on Melbourne suburban roofs is kind of pointless when the same money would buy 5 times as much power from a solar power station which could be sited somewhere the sun shines a bit more frequently.

Similarly, I will be as green as anybody, until you try to stop me driving down the surf or price surfboards out of existence.
oliver
oliver
3952 posts
3952 posts
1 Jul 2009 8:33pm
I see the concept of carbon credits as a big can of worms, but I'd subscribe to it if I had faith in the concept or I could ever understand how it works.

From my limited understanding, the only way to offset carbon emissions is to plant trees. So your money goes to plant a tree. Well that makes sense, my money goes to someone to plant a seedling on some private property or elsewhere that one day will become a tree.

But a seedling is not really going to have much impact as it will take years before it grows and any emissions are offset. How can I track the progress of my tree? What guarantee do you get that this seedling will still be around in one month let alone 10 years? Are there some trees that are better to plant than others? Is the land that my tree is planted on guaranteed never to be developed? Should my seedling die, will another another seedling be planted to replace it or will I get my money back?

Common sense tells me that more trees/natural bush has been lost to development in the last century than what has been planted. With the increases in population growth, sadly I don't see us getting to the point anytime soon where more trees/scrub is being planted at a rate greather than what is being destroyed.
hilly
hilly
WA
8133 posts
WA, 8133 posts
1 Jul 2009 8:48pm
oliver said...

I see the concept of carbon credits as a big can of worms, but I'd subscribe to it if I had faith in the concept or I could ever understand how it works.

From my limited understanding, the only way to offset carbon emissions is to plant trees. So your money goes to plant a tree. Well that makes sense, my money goes to someone to plant a seedling on some private property or elsewhere that one day will become a tree.

But a seedling is not really going to have much impact as it will take years before it grows and any emissions are offset. How can I track the progress of my tree? What guarantee do you get that this seedling will still be around in one month let alone 10 years? Are there some trees that are better to plant than others? Is the land that my tree is planted on guaranteed never to be developed? Should my seedling die, will another another seedling be planted to replace it or will I get my money back?


Oliver relax! the amount the rest of the world are polluting our impact is very small. If you can get the US and a billion Chinese and a billion Indians on the program then you can make a difference. Understandably they want all the toys which is really not sustainable without major changes in technology.

This generation will go down as the ones that really F****d it for everyone in the future.

Like supping at a really crowded surf break without a leash or kiting Bondi(in joke sorry).
62mac
62mac
WA
24860 posts
WA, 24860 posts
1 Jul 2009 9:09pm
I started years ago by ONLY buying timber from plantation timber suppliers.
For every tree that was logged we planted 50 new trees.

Great read Oliver and rightly said.

mac
Lobes
Lobes
885 posts
885 posts
1 Jul 2009 9:29pm
Diver said...
Seems to be a way to extract some form of value from an asset that currently doesn't exist, creating a market bubble that will eventually burst. Wonder when that happened recently????


The idea is that the asset is a clean atmosphere. To keep the atmosphere clean we need to invest in things that reduce CO2 or absorb it. We call this investing in carbon credits, carbon trading or a tax on carbon but its all essentially the same thing.

So in order to preserve the value of the asset (which we all have a stake in as humans) we invest in areas like clean energy or the aforementioned plantations that absorb CO2. The problem is nobody has agreed on just how much a clean atmosphere is worth as an asset (eg what should the price on carbon be?). So this obviously makes decisions on investing in carbon credits difficult. In theory the plantation that you buy into now will be worth more when the price of carbon is set and/or that plantation grows naturally as a business. Needless to say this all depends on a lot of things.

Brooko said...
I agree Wait untill you get the tele marketers from India trying to sell you carbon credits like I got on Friday wtf ??


There will be more of that sort of thing occurring as momentum builds for a tax on carbon. It brings to mind the mid to late 90's when every man and his dog got into dotcom startups. I fully expect the carbon trading market to be just as messy and have a similar number of dead ends. If you do decide to invest in carbon credits I'd encourage you to do good background research and dont get duped by the wild schemes that are going to inevitably arrive.
oliver
oliver
3952 posts
3952 posts
1 Jul 2009 10:07pm
Planting trees are the only thing we can do that will absorb CO2 and reduce emissions. Clean energy just reduces the amount of CO2 that would normally be omitted, so calling it "Clean" is a bit of a furfy - it's just less dirty.

Terms like clean and green are are invented by marketers and are as meaningless as free.

Surely, there are some Mensa graduates here that will put me in my place and tell me that when I click on that green leaf and pay x amount more when I purchase my tickets to Splendour and a Jetstar ticket to Balina that I'm actually doing something worthwhile for the environment.

When I started surfing I thought wow, I'm a really green type of guy. I've got rainwater tanks, I separate the recyclables from the rubbish etc. But then you are reminded about everything that goes into making a surfboard and think about driving back and forth to the surf you realize you are in fact a pollution pig destroying the future for everyone on the planet.

Bugger it - I'm not ever going to click on that green leaf. I'll save my money and buy a carbon fibre sup board instead.
Lobes
Lobes
885 posts
885 posts
1 Jul 2009 10:51pm
oliver said...

Planting trees are the only thing we can do that will absorb CO2 and reduce emissions. Clean energy just reduces the amount of CO2 that would normally be omitted, so calling it "Clean" is a bit of a furfy - it's just less dirty.


Not true. There are other methods like fostering algae growth in the oceans and creating biochar. But greater plant cover is the most obvious and the no-brainer when it comes to carbon reduction. Clean energy is very much an appropriate term. Replacing a coal plant with solar or wind will reduce emissions. You cannot replace a coal plant with trees.

While you may not feel clicking on the green icon is going to do much I think you are rather conceited if you believe that one individuals effort will amount to anything in this situation. What is needed is a global shift in conciousness (no less!) and by being the sort of person who clicks on those green icons and creates an environment where companies and consumers are both vying to be green then you are doing your bit. By actively choosing not to invest in such ventures you are voting against their importance. That is your choice.

As for the CO2 footprint of surfing yes it would be quite high but its all relative at least we're not tow-in surfing or sky-diving. If that really worries you then mover closer to the beach or buy a fuel efficient car. But if you really want to take the issue of reducing CO2 seriously then sacrifices WILL have to be made. Its unpleasant but its the truth. Hopefully the economic growth generated by the change to a cleaner civilization will outweigh the disruption it causes.

Of course I agree wholeheartedly that we should all do our bit to sequester carbon by buying carbon-fiber surfboards too. I am saving up to sequester 14 feet of carbon as soon as I can.
firstpoint
firstpoint
QLD
613 posts
QLD, 613 posts
2 Jul 2009 1:41am
Lobes said...

oliver said...

Planting trees are the only thing we can do that will absorb CO2 and reduce emissions. Clean energy just reduces the amount of CO2 that would normally be omitted, so calling it "Clean" is a bit of a furfy - it's just less dirty.


Not true. There are other methods like fostering algae growth in the oceans and creating biochar. But greater plant cover is the most obvious and the no-brainer when it comes to carbon reduction. Clean energy is very much an appropriate term. Replacing a coal plant with solar or wind will reduce emissions. You cannot replace a coal plant with trees.

While you may not feel clicking on the green icon is going to do much I think you are rather conceited if you believe that one individuals effort will amount to anything in this situation. What is needed is a global shift in conciousness (no less!) and by being the sort of person who clicks on those green icons and creates an environment where companies and consumers are both vying to be green then you are doing your bit. By actively choosing not to invest in such ventures you are voting against their importance. That is your choice.

As for the CO2 footprint of surfing yes it would be quite high but its all relative at least we're not tow-in surfing or sky-diving. If that really worries you then mover closer to the beach or buy a fuel efficient car. But if you really want to take the issue of reducing CO2 seriously then sacrifices WILL have to be made. Its unpleasant but its the truth. Hopefully the economic growth generated by the change to a cleaner civilization will outweigh the disruption it causes.

Of course I agree wholeheartedly that we should all do our bit to sequester carbon by buying carbon-fiber surfboards too. I am saving up to sequester 14 feet of carbon as soon as I can.


very hard to get a 14 foot d/w plus a 10.6 all round and a performance 9.0 in or on a prios let alone all the paddles and gear one must have for a nice day at the beach.
we are polluters and while the surfboard industry relies on petro chemicals we will contribute to the demise of our planet,imagine if the major populators start to surf
Starlet gc
Starlet gc
NSW
374 posts
NSW, 374 posts
2 Jul 2009 9:32am
mm its more than planting trees,,,, lots more..

planting trees has only a band aid effect - and most of teh trees should be planted by now for CPRS/ NGERS,

The focus now should be leading towards sustainability - more efficient cars, introduction of cleaner production methods, and those that are involved in the CPRS/NGERS is a means for them to look at introducing more efficient practices. Planting trees can help --- but its not the solution..
Lobes
Lobes
885 posts
885 posts
2 Jul 2009 9:01am
Starlet gc said...

wow..... Loving the LCA into surfing! I work in the field of environmental management (esp with the LCA/ EMS and now carbon trading) and never even thought of the LCA of my own boards! great to see a real eye opener!


You've probably heard of it but I use a program called ECO-It that allows designers to make a calculation of the ecological impact of their products. There is a detailed explanation at www.pre-sustainability.com/sustainability-consulting/sustainable-practices/environmentally-sustainable-design but basically what you do is enter the quantities of the materials you are using, add the energy expenditure to combine them into your product and then also the energy to dispose of them. It will then rank the ecological impact of your product according to a points system. To explain the point system you really need to read the manual but this is from the site:

ECO-it uses Eco-indicator scores to express the environmental performance of a product's life cycle as a single figure. These scores are calculated using the Eco-indicator methodology. This method is based on the principles of Life Cycle Assessment.

Despite the fact there is not one perfect method and there never will be, the Eco-indicator is based upon the best available scientific information. The method was developed for the Dutch government by an international expert team. The method is used by many companies and LCA specialists.


I have done a very quick and very, very dirty calculation based on a SUP. This would be a good time to point out I am not a shaper and the figures and materials I've used are based on snatches of information I've overheard from the shaping threads. This is more of an example of what can be done.



As you can see I have broken down all the parts of the board into individual components. Some of these components such as the leg rope contain more than one material so I have broken that down further.

Below is a pie chart example of an LCA for a SUP. The foam blank appears to be the single most ecological impact. Understandable because in my model it makes up roughly 3/4 of the mass of the SUP.



This is a fairly simple program to use and you can download a copy for free from their website. For anyone whos interested in being greener or just being more informed on the ecological impact of the products they use I'd encourage trying it out
Marvin
Marvin
WA
725 posts
WA, 725 posts
2 Jul 2009 2:36pm
I don't think we should 'sweat the small stuff'. The carbon footprint of a surfboard is tiny in comparison to our annual per capita emissions (28 tonnes per person in Australia according to http://www.garnautreview.org.au/chp7.htm). And when we are surfing, we are not watching the plasma or doing donuts, so our carbon emissions will be quite small.

Its the other big things we need to worry about - cars, household energy consumption, and the emissions efficiency of the $ we earn at work (the latter one for the bosses to figure).

Plantations offsets are a bit of a short term band aid solution - and won't hold back the tide of emissions from our energy use for long. We do need to change the emissions intensity of our energy use if we are going to address the problem.

That change will involve a a technical solution (for example, cars that run on low to zero emissions electricity or renewable biofuels). Some form of a GLOBAL price on carbon is a must to allow this to happen - whether it be emissions trading or a carbon tax. It will mean that the 'market' will ensure that the required emissions reductions are achieved. It will be a rough ride to begin with, but if we want to get there - and we probably do need to - we can get there.
Starlet gc
Starlet gc
NSW
374 posts
NSW, 374 posts
2 Jul 2009 5:31pm
Love it lobes...... do you work in the env. field also?
Lobes
Lobes
885 posts
885 posts
2 Jul 2009 4:42pm
Yeah, in sustainable energy. We're very big on LCA and Triple Bottom Line assessments.
Starlet gc
Starlet gc
NSW
374 posts
NSW, 374 posts
2 Jul 2009 9:49pm
ahhhh cool... im back at uni studying cleaner production majoring in LCA / EMS , but I work in the field of waste management. good to see some more enviro ppl!
oliver
oliver
3952 posts
3952 posts
2 Jul 2009 8:23pm
It's difficult not to be skeptical of climate change and carbon credits - the PM's key advisor on Climate Change is Ross Garnaut who also happens to be the Chairman for Lihir Gold.

I had a look at their operations some time ago on the tiny island of Lihir in PNG:

www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1sQMgnrQTqT6HqbHgYHatkVh4S-k&source=embed&hl=en&geocode&ie=UTF8&t=h&msa=0&ll=-3.128775,152.634258&spn=0.066591,0.091238&z=14

You don't need to be an expert to see that this guy doesn't quite practice what he preaches.

"... In 1995, Garnaut was offered the Chairmanship of a new PNG mining company, Lihir Gold Limited. The company's main mine is on the island of Lihir, 700 kilometres north east of Port Moresby. This large open-cut gold mine generates huge taxes and export revenues for PNG. It is also a serious polluter of the coral reefs and ocean floor around Lihir Island, as mine tailings which contain traces of cyanide and heavy metals are loaded on barges and dumped on the nearby ocean floor. Meanwhile, post-processing waste is discharged by pipeline 1.5 kilometres out to sea. In June 2000 there was a cyanide spill at the mine... " - newmatilda.com/2008/02/25/who-ross-garnaut%3F
teatrea
teatrea
QLD
4177 posts
QLD, 4177 posts
2 Jul 2009 10:33pm
Carbon trading is just more capatilism , just allows polluters to keep polluting and the consumer will pay for it , whilst carbon traders will make big $$$$$$.Carbon credits are going for $38 bucks each at present , bargain buy they will go up when the Aus Gov. sign off.Where all being played for fools!I wonder how much carbon is realeased when a volcanoe blows , a few of those smoking at the moment , maybee we can offset that by capturing some cow farts and running our new cars on it.
Lobes
Lobes
885 posts
885 posts
2 Jul 2009 9:09pm
oliver said...

It's difficult not to be skeptical of climate change and carbon credits - the PM's key advisor on Climate Change is Ross Garnaut who also happens to be the Chairman for Lihir Gold.

I had a look at their operations some time ago on the tiny island of Lihir in PNG:

www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1sQMgnrQTqT6HqbHgYHatkVh4S-k&source=embed&hl=en&geocode&ie=UTF8&t=h&msa=0&ll=-3.128775,152.634258&spn=0.066591,0.091238&z=14

You don't need to be an expert to see that this guy doesn't quite practice what he preaches.


Oh Oliver what have you got against Papua New Guineans

I really dont think Australia has earned the right to criticise anyone over GHG emissions especially not PNG who have very progressive policies. You guys are still stuck in the 20th Century!

If you had taken a good look at Lihir you would know they are phasing out their diesel generators in favour of geothermal power from the volcano there. Massively cutting GHGs in the process. We are unlikely to just stop using gold and Lihir is a good resource for that and they are doing it a lot more sustainably then many other mines.

PNG is preparing to play a major role in carbon trading due to the large rainforests we have. You have to be very naieve to criticise Professor garnaut for taking an interest in a country (which btw he has lifelong ties to) which will play a key role in the near future.

Marvin
Marvin
WA
725 posts
WA, 725 posts
2 Jul 2009 9:35pm
Well said Lobes.

Stopping logging in PNG rainforests will have a major real impact in terms of reducing emissions, AND has the potential to provide income for PNG (I am sure some carbon traders will make a motza - but somebody's gotta get it organised - and its a better motza than all the motzas being made with illegal logging at the moment).
oliver
oliver
3952 posts
3952 posts
2 Jul 2009 11:09pm
Lobes said...

oliver said...

It's difficult not to be skeptical of climate change and carbon credits - the PM's key advisor on Climate Change is Ross Garnaut who also happens to be the Chairman for Lihir Gold.

I had a look at their operations some time ago on the tiny island of Lihir in PNG:

www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=1sQMgnrQTqT6HqbHgYHatkVh4S-k&source=embed&hl=en&geocode&ie=UTF8&t=h&msa=0&ll=-3.128775,152.634258&spn=0.066591,0.091238&z=14

You don't need to be an expert to see that this guy doesn't quite practice what he preaches.


Oh Oliver what have you got against Papua New Guineans


Errr nothing. What gave you that idea?

Lihir Gold is a publicly listed on the ASX and has operations in Papua New Guinea, Australia and West Africa.

If I was having a go at anyone, it would have been Professor Garnaut (who is Australian). And I wasn't even having a go at him. My comment was a response to you calling me "rather conceited".

Lobes said...

While you may not feel clicking on the green icon is going to do much I think you are rather conceited if you believe that one individuals effort will amount to anything in this situation.


As a key advisor to the State and Commonwealth Governments on climate change he makes me feel more comfortable about driving down the surf and not pressing on green leaves when I buy concert tickets and air tickets.

Pfffft. Stop reading into things too much people. I like the panels and windows of my car as they are.
Lobes
Lobes
885 posts
885 posts
3 Jul 2009 8:51am
oliver said...


Errr nothing. What gave you that idea?

Lihir Gold is a publicly listed on the ASX and has operations in Papua New Guinea, Australia and West Africa.

If I was having a go at anyone, it would have been Professor Garnaut (who is Australian). And I wasn't even having a go at him. My comment was a response to you calling me "rather conceited".


What gave me the idea is your not-so-subtle insinuation that Prof Garnaut (who has family in PNG) cannot be trusted because of his connection to a PNG mine. Forget all the Australian companies he may be a director of. Why is it the PNG one that raises the red flag???

And I didnt call you conceited, I called you conceited "if you believe that one individuals effort will amount to anything ".

If you believe you can resolve this whole Global Warming thing yourself then don't let us hold you back. But you wouldnt be that conceited would you

LoL Oliver I know your ways
oliver
oliver
3952 posts
3952 posts
3 Jul 2009 11:33am
Lobes said...

What gave me the idea is your not-so-subtle insinuation that Prof Garnaut (who has family in PNG) cannot be trusted because of his connection to a PNG mine. Forget all the Australian companies he may be a director of. Why is it the PNG one that raises the red flag???

And I didnt call you conceited, I called you conceited "if you believe that one individuals effort will amount to anything ".

If you believe you can resolve this whole Global Warming thing yourself then don't let us hold you back. But you wouldnt be that conceited would you

LoL Oliver I know your ways


Posting Guidlines

Don't take the forums too seriously! Topics often go off the rails when people start reading far too much into others comments.

Keep focused on what's being said and not who's saying it.

www.seabreeze.com.au/forums/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=52360
laurie
laurie
QLD
3902 posts
QLD, 3902 posts
3 Jul 2009 1:52pm


Do we need to add "Climate Change" to Politics & Religion as a polarising issue? (joke!)

If we don't go calling each other names, it will all be good, and nobody will need to be kept back after school.

Here's My 2c.

Having just lived on out in the ocean in a boat for 3 weeks you learn what true conservation is, and your habits & expectations change.

Things such as using less than a bucket of water for your shower, and using only electricity when you really really have to, because it's only available after being generated by sun & wind. A known, limited supply of fresh water certainly makes you more precious about the resource!

When returning to land and turning a tap on, my habits had changed soo much that I was freaking out about how much water was pouring out of the tap!

I love the movie The Matrix where Mr Anderson calls the human race a "virus" .. like cancer, we are consuming our host with no concern that we will kill it, and subsequently, we will possibly die with it.

But .. such is the nature of the species & the universe!

I'm led to believe that every star/sun in the universe is consuming it's raw supply of hydrogen, and in several billion years, all "resources" in the universe will have been consumed leaving a very dark existance for those that remain?

Now .. where's my SUP paddle...
teatrea
teatrea
QLD
4177 posts
QLD, 4177 posts
3 Jul 2009 2:40pm
I have an idea carry a pack of seeds around with you and every time you fart , sow one.It will help you to become carbon neutral!

Seriousley though man has done an almighty job at stuffing the environment thats for sure!But i think we will see an explosion in renewable technologies over the next decade and people in general a becoming more aware , that less is more!

Out with old in with the new , this is what carbon trading prevents in some ways its is basicallly fence sitting trying to keep both sides happy.

Any way every one has a theory i guess time will tell!If you interested in an alternative theory look up a book called solar rain , by a guy called Mitch Battros.
Very thought provoking!
Lobes
Lobes
885 posts
885 posts
3 Jul 2009 1:25pm
oliver said...


"... In 1995, Garnaut was offered the Chairmanship of a new PNG mining company, Lihir Gold Limited. The company's main mine is on the island of Lihir, 700 kilometres north east of Port Moresby. This large open-cut gold mine generates huge taxes and export revenues for PNG. It is also a serious polluter of the coral reefs and ocean floor around Lihir Island, as mine tailings which contain traces of cyanide and heavy metals are loaded on barges and dumped on the nearby ocean floor. Meanwhile, post-processing waste is discharged by pipeline 1.5 kilometres out to sea. In June 2000 there was a cyanide spill at the mine... " - http://newmatilda.com/2008/02/25/who-ross-garnaut%3F


Way to post in hindsight Oliver...

That is a nice attempt at a strawman but its irrelevent. I fail to see where the conflict of interest is. Mine tailings for all their negative qualities will not be affected massively by carbon trading. Add to that Prof Garnaut is not the PMs key advisor on mine tailings. Whatever you may think about activities on Lihir its misleading to suggest that being a stakeholder in the mine disqualifies you from participating in discussions on Climate Change.
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